![]() An analysis of retracted articles identified plagiarism as being a common reason for retraction in indexed journal articles ( Gasparyan et al., 2017). ![]() Many researchers, intentionally or unintentionally, may fall into the trap of plagiarism especially in countries where English is not the first language ( Perkins et al., 2018). According to Liddell (2003), plagiarism can be in the form of purchasing papers, copying and pasting from internet sources, using direct quotes without quotation marks, and paraphrasing but not citing the original work ( Liddell, 2003). Plagiarism is not only limited to the appropriation of words, but it also includes using other people’s ideas, graphics, designs, statistical data, research methods, and computer programs without crediting the original source ( Liddell, 2003 Memon, 2020). Fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, or FFP are the three most common types of research misconduct ( Zietman, 2013 Zigmond & Fischer, 2002). Plagiarism or the “the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit” ( Definition of Research Misconduct ORI - The Office of Research Integrity, n.d.), is considered a major threat to academic integrity. In the era of extremely easy access to data and the internet, “copy-and-paste” is sometimes used as a short cut for succeeding in academia.
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